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buffered vs unbuffered channels go by example

Unbuffered channel must be sent and received simultaneously. 2. The buffered channel can temporarily store data, and sending and receiving do not have to be ready at the same time. 3. The unbuffered channel is suitable for strictly synchronous scenarios, and the buffered channel is suitable for decoupling producers and consumers. 4. In actual use, select types based on whether they need to be synchronized or controlled. Understand blocking behavior is the basis of Go concurrent programming.

Aug 06, 2025 pm 02:21 PM

go channels

How to use the flag package for simple CLI flags in Go

TheflagpackageinGoisusedtoparsecommand-lineargumentswithbuilt-insupportforshortandlongflags,positionalarguments,andhelptextgeneration.2.Defineflagsusingfunctionslikeflag.String,flag.Int,andflag.Bool,specifyingname,defaultvalue,andusagemessage.3.Callf

Aug 06, 2025 pm 02:17 PM

How to build a shared library (.so or .dll) from a Go package

Go supports building shared libraries that can be called by C, Python and other languages through buildmode=c-shared, but are not used for internal references between Go projects; 2. Write Go code located in packagemain, use //export annotation to export functions, the parameters and return values must be of type C.*, and import the "C" package and contain an empty main() function; 3. Use the gobuild-buildmode=c-shared-olib.somain.go command to generate .so (Linux), .dll (Windows) or .dylib (macOS) files and corresponding header files; 4. Package in C programs

Aug 06, 2025 pm 02:16 PM

How to use the atomic package for lock-free operations in Go

Go's atomic package provides atomic operations of integers and pointers to achieve lock-free concurrency control. 1. Use atomic.Load and Store to ensure the safety of variable read and write; 2. Use atomic.Add to implement thread-safe counting; 3. Use CompareAndSwap to achieve conditional updates and cooperate with loop retry; 4. Use atomic.Value for complex types to ensure atomic exchange of immutable data; 5. Note that atomic does not support direct operation of bool and structures, and must ensure 64-bit value alignment. It should be given priority in simple scenarios. Complex logic still recommends mutex locks.

Aug 06, 2025 pm 02:10 PM

How to Handle Panics and Recover in Go

The recover function must be called in defer to capture panic; 2. Use recovery in long-running programs such as goroutine or server to prevent the entire program from crashing; 3. Recover should not be abused, only used when it is handled, to avoid replacing normal error handling; 4. Best practices include recording panic information, using debug.Stack() to obtain stack traces and recovering at an appropriate level. Recover is only valid within defer and should be used for debugging with logs. Potential bugs cannot be ignored. In the end, the code should be designed by returning error rather than panic.

Aug 06, 2025 pm 02:08 PM

go Error handling

How to manage secrets in a Go application securely

Useenvironmentvariablescautiouslyindevelopment,ensuringtheyarenotloggedorexposedandareexcludedfromversioncontrolvia.gitignore.2.Neverhardcodesecretsinsourcecode,astheycanpersistinversionhistoryandleadtoexposure.3.Inproduction,retrievesecretsfromdedic

Aug 06, 2025 pm 02:03 PM

go Key management

How to create a self-signed certificate for local development in Go

To create a self-signed certificate for local development, first generate the certificate and private key using OpenSSL, and then load them via http.ListenAndServeTLS in the Go server. 1. Run opensslreq-x509-newkeyrsa:4096-keyoutkey.pem-outcert.pem-days365-nodes-subj"/CN=localhost" to generate cert.pem and key.pem. 2. Use http.ListenAndServeTLS(":8443","

Aug 06, 2025 pm 01:40 PM

How to create a custom io.Reader in Go

To create a custom io.Reader, you need to implement Read(p[]byte)(nint, errorrror) method; 1. Define a type (such as struct) and implement the Read method, fill p from the data source and return the number of bytes and errors; 2. Write p in Read. If the data is insufficient, return part of the bytes and nil errors, and return io.EOF after reading; 3. You can use this reader in functions such as io.ReadAll; for example, CounterReader generates incremental bytes, StringReader reads strings, RandomReader generates random bytes, and any type that implements the Read method satisfies the io.Reader connection. For example, CounterReader generates incremental bytes, StringReader reads strings, and RandomReader generates random bytes.

Aug 06, 2025 pm 01:29 PM

How to write a simple TCP scanner in Go

The answer is to write a TCP scanner using Go's net package: first define the target host and port range, try to connect to each port through net.DialTimeout, and the port will be open if the connection is successful; 2. To improve performance, use goroutine concurrent scans, and collect results through sync.WaitGroup and channel; 3. Timeout needs to be set to avoid blocking, limit concurrency amount to prevent resource exhaustion, and properly handle network errors; 4. Optional functions include using flag package to add command line parameter support to achieve flexible configuration of host and port range; 5. When using it, you should comply with the authorization principle and scan only allowed targets. Complete implementation includes sequential scanning, concurrent optimization and parameter configuration, and finally achieve an efficient and

Aug 06, 2025 pm 01:26 PM

How to implement a simple pub/sub system in Go

Define core components: Create a structure containing Topic, Subscriber and Broker, where Broker uses map to store the subscriber collection of each topic and ensures concurrency security through sync.RWMutex; 2. Manage subscriptions: Provide Subscribe method to create subscription channels and register for the specified topic, and the Unsubscribe method removes and closes the channels to prevent resource leakage; 3. Publish message: Publish method traverses all subscribers under the topic, sends messages non-blocking through the selectd default mechanism to avoid slow subscribers blocking publishers; 4. Use example: Start multiple goroutines to listen to subscription channels for different topics,

Aug 06, 2025 pm 12:36 PM

How to create a UDP server and client in Go

To create a UDP server, you need to use net.ListenUDP to listen to the port, receive data through ReadFromUDP and reply to the client with WriteToUDP; 2. The UDP client uses DialUDP to connect to the server, send messages through Write and receive responses; 3. After running server.go, you can execute client.go to send messages to achieve communication; 4. UDP does not guarantee reliability but is fast, and is suitable for scenarios with high real-time requirements such as games or streaming media. Pay attention to packet size and error handling, and finally realize lightweight communication ends with a complete sentence.

Aug 06, 2025 am 11:53 AM

How to get the current time in Go

Usetime.Now()togetthecurrentlocaltimeasatime.Timeobject;2.FormatthetimeusingtheFormatmethodwithlayoutslike"2025-08-0715:04:05";3.GetUTCtimebycallingUTC()ontheresultoftime.Now();4.Extractcomponentslikeyear,month,dayusingmethodssuchasYear(),M

Aug 06, 2025 am 11:28 AM

go time

Connecting to a PostgreSQL Database with Go

Install the pgx driver: Use gogetgithub.com/jackc/pgx/v5; 2. Set the connection string: contains user, password, host, port, database name and sslmode; 3. Use database/sql connection: Initialize the connection through sql.Open("pgx",connStr) and call db.Ping() test; 4. Perform parameterized queries: Use placeholders such as QueryRow and $1 to prevent SQL injection; 5. Configure the connection pool: Set the maximum number of open connections, free connections and maximum connection life cycle to optimize performance; it is recommended to use environment variables to manage sensitive information to ensure security and maintainability.

Aug 06, 2025 am 11:13 AM

How to format a string in Go?

InGo,youformatstringsusingthefmtpackagewithfunctionslikefmt.Sprintf,fmt.Printf,andfmt.Sprintvariants;1.Usefmt.Sprintftostoreformattedstringsinvariables,e.g.,fmt.Sprintf("Name:%s,Age:%d",name,age);2.Commonformatverbsinclude%sforstrings,?or

Aug 06, 2025 am 11:06 AM

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buffered vs unbuffered channels go by example

How to use the flag package for simple CLI flags in Go

How to build a shared library (.so or .dll) from a Go package

How to use the atomic package for lock-free operations in Go

How to Handle Panics and Recover in Go

How to manage secrets in a Go application securely

How to create a self-signed certificate for local development in Go

How to create a custom io.Reader in Go

How to write a simple TCP scanner in Go

How to implement a simple pub/sub system in Go

How to create a UDP server and client in Go

How to get the current time in Go

Connecting to a PostgreSQL Database with Go

How to format a string in Go?

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